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- <text id=93TT1123>
- <title>
- Mar. 08, 1993: The Land Lord
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Mar. 08, 1993 The Search for the Tower Bomber
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE ADMINISTRATION, Page 38
- The Land Lord
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Outdoorsman Bruce Babbitt aims to protect 500 million federal
- acres that have long been exploited for commercial purposes
- </p>
- <p>By TED GUP/WASHINGTON--With reporting by Jeanne McDowell/Los Angeles and David Seideman/New
- York
- </p>
- <p> Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt scans his vast office, then
- gazes down at the blue Republican carpet. He intends to tear
- the rug out, for it conceals a fine walnut floor installed during
- New Deal days by his conservationist hero, Harold Ickes. Not
- even the floor covering is beyond the scrutiny of Babbitt as
- he carries out vast changes in the Interior Department and in
- the government's philosophy toward its public lands. Where conservatives
- James Watt and Manuel Lujan once presided, Babbitt now speaks
- as if he were in a vanguard of liberators. "There has been an
- ideological war going on for the past 12 years," says Babbitt,
- "and this department has been staff headquarters--the battle
- post in Washington for an unrelenting war against the land and
- the conservation ethic. They said they were after balance, but
- they really weren't."
- </p>
- <p> The changes Babbitt seeks may touch 500 million acres of federal
- property, or about one-fifth of the U.S., encompassing national
- parks, wilderness areas, forests and grazing lands. With the
- blessing of Bill Clinton and Al Gore, the Interior chief plans
- to revitalize the National Park Service and increase the protection
- of endangered species. But his most politically complex mission
- is to scale back once sacred subsidies for those who use federal
- lands: miners, the timber industry, and cattle and sheep ranchers.
- </p>
- <p> The Interior Department, long viewed as a captive of commodity
- interests, has until now carried out a 19th century mandate
- to encourage resource exploitation in order to stimulate development
- of the West. Babbitt wants to emphasize protection of those
- lands and to demand that those who profit from them pay a fair
- share. All told, the fee increases he proposes would produce
- an estimated $1 billion over five years, which would help reduce
- the budget deficit as well as maintain the lands. Among the
- measures:
- </p>
- <p>-- Babbitt wants grazing fees raised across 16 Western states,
- which would affect 29,000 ranchers whose cattle and sheep graze
- on about 280 million federal acres. The current fee, $1.86 per
- month to graze one cow and her calf, is well below market value.
- But any raise is tempered by concern for small ranchers. An
- estimated 45% of ranchers using federal lands have fewer than
- 100 cattle. Babbitt's idea: a two-tier fee structure that charges
- the small rancher less and offers a credit to those who improve
- the land. In May he will hold hearings on the issue throughout
- the Rocky Mountain region.
- </p>
- <p>-- Babbitt will try to persuade Congress to amend the mining
- law of 1872, under which miners may purchase mineral rights
- for as little as $2.50 an acre. Babbitt will ask for a royalty
- on the value of the extracted minerals, with a fee schedule
- favoring small operators. "We ought to have progressive fees
- to make a populist statement that it's good public policy to
- make sure the small guys stay on the land. We're not trying
- to just lock the West up and turn the whole thing into a national
- park," says Babbitt. Mining interests know they will have to
- give ground, up to a point. Says John Knebel, president of the
- American Mining Congress: "We're going to have to make some
- adjustments."
- </p>
- <p>-- Also likely to come under scrutiny are below-cost timber
- sales at Babbitt's sister agency, the Agriculture Department.
- The government is currently losing money on logging operations
- in more than half of its 155 national forests. The U.S. spends
- money to build roads and make the timber accessible but then
- often sells it cheap. Over the past 14 years, the U.S. has subsidized
- logging companies to the tune of $8.5 billion, according to
- Robert Wolf, a forestry economist.
- </p>
- <p> Babbitt's most ambitious long-term goal is a broad reinterpretation
- of the Endangered Species Act. "I think it is absolutely the
- overarching issue," says Babbitt. He proposes to focus less
- on rescuing individual species already on the brink of extinction,
- taking instead a multispecies approach in which ecosystems will
- be examined as a whole. This will require government scientists
- and researchers to integrate their efforts across agency lines
- and produce comprehensive biological surveys. As a case in point,
- Babbitt cites the feuding among federal agencies in the fight
- over the northern spotted owl of the Pacific Northwest forests.
- </p>
- <p> Babbitt has declared his agency the "Department of the Environment,"
- but he has tried to reassure anxious Western miners, ranchers
- and loggers that he will not pursue radical policies. Few are
- better suited to carry that message. Babbitt is the face of
- the New West, a former Arizona attorney general and Governor
- who comes from a cattle-ranching family and holds a master's
- degree in geophysics and a Harvard law degree. He preaches change
- through consensus. "I don't regard this as a great adversarial
- crusade," says Babbitt. "I think these issues are going to be
- worked out with a lot less confrontation than is generally assumed."
- </p>
- <p> Babbitt often looks to history for inspiration. During the early
- days of World War II, he recalls, the generals came to Harold
- Ickes, saying it was necessary to sacrifice the Sitka spruces
- in Olympic National Park to make airplanes. "You're not going
- to invade this park until we have exhausted every other alternative,"
- said Ickes. A month later, Ickes returned to the generals and
- told them Canada could supply the spruces--but by then the
- generals' interest had turned from wood to metal for airplanes.
- Says Babbitt: "I take that story as a metaphor for my job."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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